Hardware Technologies for AIOT-Enabled Food Processing

FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) – Preventive Controls for Human Food Rule (21 CFR Part 117) and Preventive Controls for Animal Food Rule (21 CFR Part 507)

FDA FSMA Food Traceability Rule – Requirements for Additional Traceability Records for Certain Foods (21 CFR Part 1, Subpart S; effective November 7, 2026)

USDA FSIS HACCP Regulations for Meat and Poultry – 9 CFR Parts 416 (Sanitation) and 417 (HACCP Systems)

USDA FSIS Modernization of Poultry Slaughter Inspection Rule – 9 CFR Parts 381 and 500

FDA Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) in Manufacturing, Packing, or Holding Human Food – 21 CFR Part 117, Subpart B (superseding 21 CFR Part 110)

FDA Foreign Supplier Verification Program (FSVP) – 21 CFR Part 1, Subpart L

FDA Standards for the Growing, Harvesting, Packing, and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption (Produce Safety Rule) – 21 CFR Part 112 (where applicable to produce processors)

USDA Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS) – Livestock Mandatory Reporting and Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) traceability requirements

OSHA Process Safety Management Standard – 29 CFR Part 1910.119 (applicable to facilities using anhydrous ammonia refrigeration systems above threshold quantities)

EPA Risk Management Program (RMP) Rule – 40 CFR Part 68 (applicable to food processing plants with large-scale anhydrous ammonia refrigeration)

NIST SP 800-82 Rev. 3 – Guide to Industrial Control System (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) Security (applicable to IoT and AIoT plant floor deployments)

NIST SP 800-213A – IoT Device Cybersecurity Guidance: IoT Device Manufacturer Activities Supporting Customers (applicable to connected food equipment vendors)

NIST SP 800-171 Rev. 2 – Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information in Nonfederal Systems (applicable where AIoT systems handle regulated data for government-related food production contracts)

FDA Guidance for Industry: Sanitary Transportation of Human and Animal Food – 21 CFR Part 1, Subpart O (applicable to cold chain transport monitoring)

SQF Food Safety Code – Edition 9 (GFSI-recognized; Modules 2, 11, and 13 most applicable to food processing AIoT deployments)

BRC Global Standard for Food Safety – Issue 9 (GFSI-recognized; Clauses 3 and 6 most relevant to personnel and traceability systems)

IFS Food Standard – Version 8 (GFSI-recognized; KO requirements 10 and 11 applicable to traceability and internal audits)

FSSC 22000 Version 6 – Food Safety System Certification (ISO 22000:2018-based, GFSI-recognized; Additional Requirements covering food fraud and food defense relevant to AIoT access governance)

ISO 22000:2018 – Food Safety Management Systems – Requirements for Any Organization in the Food Chain

ISO/TS 22002-1:2009 – Prerequisite Programs on Food Safety for Food Manufacturing (supports FSSC 22000 PRP documentation)

ISO/IEC 27001:2022 – Information Security Management Systems (applicable to IoT and AIoT system data governance in food plants)

ISO/IEC 62443 Series – Industrial Automation and Control Systems Security (applicable to OT/IoT cybersecurity in food processing environments)

GS1 US Traceability Standards: GS1-128 barcodes, EPC/RFID Gen 2 UHF, EPCIS 2.0 (Electronic Product Code Information Services), Global Location Number (GLN), Global Trade Item Number (GTIN), and Serial Shipping Container Code (SSCC) – applicable to RFID and barcode-based lot tracking and traceability

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 15-2022 – Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems (applicable to ammonia and HFC cold storage systems monitored via AIoT)

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2022 – Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants

NSF/ANSI 2 – Food Equipment (applicable to IoT sensor hardware and mounting hardware used in food contact or food splash zones)

NSF/ANSI/3-A 14159-1 – Hygiene Requirements for the Design of Meat and Poultry Processing Equipment (applicable to RFID and sensor hardware installed on processing equipment)

IEEE 802.15.4 – Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks (underlying standard for LoRaWAN, Zigbee, and other LPWAN sensor technologies used in food plant IoT)